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IMPROVED METHOD OF DEFEGATING CANE JUIGEL LAWRENCE REID, OF NEW YORK, N.Y., AND DAVID LYMAN, OF MIDDLEFIELD, GONNECe TIGUT, ADMINISTRATOR OF THEESTATE OF EDWARD H; SWIFT, DECEASED, ASSIGNORS TO PHINEAS L. ROBINSONAND JOSEPHH. PARSONS.

Letters Patent No. 60,244, dated December 4, 1866; antedatedMovemberl29, 1866.

SPECIFICATION- TO ALL WHOM IT MAY CONCERN:

Be it known that we, Lawnsncn Run), of New York city, in the county andState of N eiv York, and DAVID LYMAN, of Middlefield, in the county ofMiddlesex, in the State of Connecticut,administrator on the estate of iEDWARD H. SWIFT, deceased, do hereby declare that the said Run) and thesaid 'Swrrr were joint inventors of certain new and useful improvementsin Defecating' Sugar-Cane Juice, with the use of carbonic-acid gas; andwe do hereby declare that the following is a full and exact descriptionthereof. l l

' This invention relates to the employment of carbonic-acid gas inconnection with a weak alkali, so as to remove the impurities withlittle danger of injuring the juice. This carbonic-acid process consistsof a cold and hot defecation. We shall proceed first to describe thecold defecation.

Into a tank containing seven hundred gallons of juice add nine pounds ofslaked lime, previously mixed with water, and mix all well; then from afountain or fountains containin water stronglyimpregnated withcarbonic-acid gas allow that water to proceed slowly through a pipeabout three-eighths of one inch'in 1 diameter, conductedto the bottom ofsaid tank. The water and gas leave the fountain, owing to the pressureof the carbonic-acid gas upon the surface of the liquid contents of saidfountain. We continue the acidification p p of the contents of the tankin this manner until litmus paper is turned slightly red by the excessof carbonic acid, when the impurities will be found to settle rapidly,leaving a clear liquor, showing that the defecation is completing. Assoon as the liquor is clear it is drawn ofi' into the boiler and heatapplied, when any excess of Q carbonic-acid gas escapes. It stillrequires skimming, and the operation is complete. We can use cane juice;

instead of water to absorb the carbonic-acid gas in the fountain, ifpreferred.

The carbonic-acid gas for impregnating the water in the fountain may beprepared in the usual methodfor making soda water; that is, by theaction of sulphuric acid (oil of vitriol) on ground marble or groundchalk and water, pumping the gas disengaged by such action by means of aforce-pump'into the fountains; or it may be made by the combustion ofcharcoal in close chambers, and pumping the gas arising from suchcombustion into the fountains containing water, as already described. Weconsider that this process may be further improved by the addition ofone pound of a prepared slightly alkaline phosphate of lime, invented bythe-same parties, I p to promote crystallization and prevent acidity.The mode of preparation of this-latter material by lime andsuperphosphate of lime, so as to be peculiarly adapted for this use, isdescribed in detail in a patent granted to us of even date herewith. I y

We are aware that carbonic-acid gas has before been passed through juicedefecated with lime, to free it from excess of lime; but owing,- webelieve, to thelevity of the gas this process has hitherto been afailure,

Now, by combining the gas previously with a liquid by pressure andoperating in the inode herein descri l ycd, we obtain a complete mixtureof the carbonic-acid gas with the juice containing the lime, and theconsequent neutralization and precipitation of the lime along with thedefecated matters of "the cane juice.

For the hot defecation of cane juice by carbonic-acid gas, we use thewater impregnated with that gas in fountains, as already described,passing it down to' the bottom of the boiler, and neutralizing the limelby the action of the carbonic acid, using litmus paper to indicatethe'excess of that body and that the lime is neutralized. We have notmentioned the proportion of lime, as we consider that difi'erent canejuices require 1 different portions of lime; but we consider that anaverage proportion would be about five pounds-slaked limeto the fivehundred gallons of cane juice.

We esteem the defecating' withthe supercarbonates of lime and magnesianot as good as the operating with y carbonic acid, asabove described;but

The liquid containing the gas is pr as above described, with this apound of finely ground chal magnesia. The fountains are y be preferredunder some circumstances.

charged, as above described, with carbonic-acid gas.

In using the supercarbonates of lime and magnesia, or either of them,for defecating cane juice by the cold I ctions, as given under thecarbonic-acid water hot and cold'process, as i or hot process, we followthe same above described, using litmus pape We proposc to use undersomec scertain when the lime has been sufiiciently neutralized.instances, on account of the varying nature of cane juice, in additionto carbonic acid, some one or more 0 the slightly acid bodies set forthas. defecators in patents issued to us redin a manner similar to thepreparation of the carbonic-acid water, 3 'fi'rence: that 1 for everynine gallons of water we place in the fountain one-half that is,carbonate of lime- -or one-half pound of finely ground carbonate of"bearing even date herewith; but we do not believe such combination ofprocesses to be generally expedient. When such are used the quantityofcarbonic acid may be correspondingly diminished.

The varying nature of cane juice at difi'erent periods," andparticularly on different estates, renders it desirable to vary theproportions of the materials considerably, which will be determined bythe practical sugar boiler. 1

To obtain, as a general result, the production of from fifteen to thirtyper cent. more sugar and of bettervacuum pans are employed, producing asugar equal to that produced by bone-black. v 1

Having now fully described this invention, what we claim as new, and theinvention of the said LAWRENCE REID and EDWARD H. SWIFT, deceased, anddesire to secure by Letters Patent, is as follows:

We claim defeeating cane juice by lime and a liquid impregnated withcarbonic-acid gas, in the manner above specified.

quality than usual, and the saving to the estates of 'the cost and,trouble in the. use of bone-black, and, where "We also claim d'efecatingcane juice by slaked lime and the superearbonate of lime or magnesia,with carbonic-acid gas, applied as above described.

We also claim the combination, in the abeve-described process, of one ormore of the other defecating agents set forth in patents issued to us ofeven date herewith, with a liquid containing carbonic-acid gas, with orwithout the supercarbonates of lime and magnesia, applied as hereinspecified.

.- LAWRENCE REID,

' DAVID LYMAN. Witnesses }to D. L.

